A carnivore is an organism, in most cases an animal, that eats meat. A carnivorous animal that hunts other animals is called a predator; an animal that is hunted is called prey.
An animal’s diet determines where it falls on the food chain, a sequence of organisms that provide energy and nutrients for other organisms. Each
food chain
consists of several trophic levels, which describe an organism’s role in an ecosystem.
Carnivores
and omnivores occupy the third trophic level. An
omnivore
, such as a human, is an organism that eats plants and animals.
Many
carnivores
get their energy and nutrients by eating herbivores,
omnivores
, and other
carnivores
. The animals that eat secondary consumers, like owls that eat rodents, are known as tertiary consumers.
Carnivores
that have no natural
predators
are known as apex
predators
; they occupy the top of the
food chain
.
Not all
carnivores
are
predators
. Some
carnivores
, known as scavengers, feed on the carcasses of already-dead animals. Vultures, for example, are
scavengers
.
Carnivores
are divided into three different categories based on what percentage of their diet consists of meat. Animals that get 70 percent or more of their nutrition from meat are called obligate carnivores or hypercarnivores. Animals whose diet consists of about 50 percent meat are called mesocarnivores. Animals whose diet is only about 30 percent meat are called hypocarnivores.
Carnivores
vary in shape and size, but they often share similar traits. For example, most
carnivores
have sharp teeth adapted for capturing
prey
and tearing flesh. Additionally, many
carnivores
have relatively large brains.
Carnivores
also have a single stomach chamber and a simple digestive system, unlike herbivores, who often have a stomach with multiple chambers and a specialized digestive system.
Not all
carnivores
are animals. There are about 600 species of carnivorous plants, the most well-known being the Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). Most carnivorous plants consume insects, but some larger plants feast on small animals, such as frogs or mice.
Carnivores play an important role in keeping ecosystems balanced. Predators keep populations of prey species from becoming too large. Scavengers like vultures help prevent diseases from spreading by eating the remains of dead animals.
