Key takeaways:
Teeth-whitening products work by breaking down complex stains to make teeth appear brighter and whiter.
Overuse or misuse of teeth-whitening products can cause sensitivity, gum irritation, and other side effects.
Custom-fitted trays and in-office treatments are the safest and most effective ways to whiten teeth. ADA-approved over-the-counter toothpastes, gels, and strips are more affordable and convenient options.
The market for teeth-whitening products has exploded in recent years. And it’s tough to figure out which products are safe and effective.
You may be looking to remove years of surface stains from red wine and coffee. Or maybe you just want to brighten up your smile. In either case, you'll first need to know if teeth whitening is safe for you and which option is most appropriate.
How do teeth-whitening products work?
Your teeth have molecules on them that reflect light. This is what gives off the color of your teeth when you smile. The more complex these molecules are, the more light they reflect. And this increase in light reflection can cause your teeth to appear stained or discolored.
Hydrogen peroxide and carbamide peroxide are the two most common active ingredients in teeth-whitening products. They both work by breaking down the complex staining molecules, so you can have a brighter and whiter smile.
Is teeth whitening safe?
Teeth whitening is safe if done by a dental professional or if you use products that are approved by the American Dental Association (ADA). Having the ADA Seal of Acceptance on an over-the-counter whitening product ensures that it’s safe and effective.
However, like any cosmetic procedure, teeth whitening has potential side effects. Overuse or misuse of whitening products can lead to damage to your teeth and gums, sensitivity, and other problems.
What are the side effects of teeth whitening?
The most common side effect of teeth whitening is increased sensitivity of the teeth and gums. This is due to the active ingredients irritating the nerves and blood vessels inside of your teeth. In some cases, this sensitivity can last for several days. Fortunately, there are many ways you can manage sensitivity if it does occur.
Other potential side effects of teeth whitening include:
Gum irritation and discoloration
Changes in the color of existing fillings
An uneven whitening effect
It’s important to stop the treatment and speak with your dentist if you experience any discomfort or side effects from whitening. They can help guide you on the next steps you should take.
What are the 4 safest ways to whiten your teeth?
There are many ways to whiten your teeth. You may decide to try an at-home treatment or allow a dental professional to decide the best treatment for you. Either way, it’s important to remember that there are pros and cons to each treatment. Here are four options for you to consider.
1. Over-the-counter whitening toothpastes and gels
Whitening toothpastes and gels are a simple way to make your smile brighter. Most whitening toothpastes have abrasives in them (like baking soda and silica) to remove surface stains. However, whitening toothpaste alone won’t make your teeth many shades whiter. And the abrasiveness of the ingredients could also cause tooth sensitivity.
Whitening gels have hydrogen peroxide, which helps to break down stains. The challenge with gels is keeping them in place. Your lip can sometimes wipe the gel away after it’s been applied.
2. Whitening strips
Whitening strips are a convenient and affordable option for at-home whitening. Most strips are coated with a whitening gel containing peroxide. The physical strip helps keep the gel on the teeth for the correct amount of time.
But the strips may not fit your teeth well and may irritate your gums. Using the strips too much can also make your teeth sensitive.
3. Custom-fitted whitening trays
Your dentist may recommend a custom-fit whitening tray made from a mold of your teeth. The trays are filled with whitening gel and worn for a recommended amount of time each day. You can repeat this until the desirable shade is accomplished. You’ll usually see noticeable results in a matter of weeks.
Your dentist will most likely use a higher-strength whitening agent with this method compared to an over-the-counter whitening product.
4. In-office blue whitening treatment
In-office whitening treatments use a blue LED light. They are supervised by a dentist. This is considered one of the safest and most effective ways to whiten your teeth.
During a whitening session, the dentist will apply a gel to your teeth containing a high concentration of peroxide. A blue LED light is used to activate the gel. The light will be directed onto your teeth for about 15 to 20 minutes. The dentist will then apply a new layer of gel and direct the light onto your teeth for an additional 15 to 20 minutes. This process is typically repeated three to four times until the desired level of whitening is achieved.
Who should not whiten their teeth?
There isn’t much safety data on teeth whitening for pregnant or breastfeeding women. And these groups are more likely to have inflamed gums and sensitivity after whitening due to hormonal changes during pregnancy.
Children under the age of 16 also shouldn’t use teeth whiteners without the guidance of a dentist. This is to ensure that the whitening is done safely and effectively.
Other people who shouldn’t use teeth-whitening products include those who have:
Sensitive teeth or gums
Gum disease
Cavities or other dental problems
People with these dental issues may have increased sensitivity or adverse effects when using teeth-whitening products. Consult your dentist for further guidance on teeth whitening if you fall into one of these categories.
Should you consult a dentist before whitening your teeth?
Yes. It’s always a good idea to consult a dentist before beginning any teeth-whitening treatment. Your dentist can evaluate your dental health and determine if whitening is safe for you. They can also recommend the best whitening products or treatments for your needs. That way, you can avoid potential problems or side effects.
The bottom line
Teeth whitening can be an effective way to help you achieve the smile of your dreams. However, it’s possible to have side effects from whitening products, especially if they’re misused. Follow instructions carefully and consult with a dentist before beginning any treatment. By taking these precautions, you can enjoy a beautiful, healthy smile for years to come.
References
American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. (2019). Policy on the use of dental bleaching for child and adolescent patients.
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2013). Oral health care during pregnancy and through the lifespan.
View All References (3)
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American Dental Association. (n.d.). ADA Seal of Acceptance.
American Dental Association. (2022). Whitening.
Rodrigues de Freitas, M., et al. (2021). Effectiveness and adverse effects of over-the-counter whitening products on dental tissues. Frontiers in Dental Medicine.
GoodRx Health has strict sourcing policies and relies on primary sources such as medical organizations, governmental agencies, academic institutions, and peer-reviewed scientific journals. Learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate, thorough, and unbiased by reading our editorial guidelines.
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