Animal-Assisted Therapy (2024)

Reviewed by Psychology Today Staff

Animal-assisted therapy is a therapeutic intervention that incorporates animals, such as horses, dogs, cats, and birds, into the treatment plan.

The client, therapist, and animal work together in therapeutic activities that are outlined in a treatment plan, with clear goals for change, measurable objectives, and the expectation of identifiable progress toward the treatment goals. The therapy can take many forms, based on the patient, the animal, and the goals for treatment.

Animal-assisted therapy is used to enhance and complement the benefits of traditional therapy.

Contents

  • When It's Used
  • How It Works
  • What to Expect
  • What to Look for in an Animal-Assisted Therapist

When It's Used

Animal-assisted therapy can be a useful intervention for some individuals or groups. It can help with a variety of experiences and conditions including:

  • Stress
  • Anxiety
  • Depression
  • Autism
  • ADHD
  • Addiction
  • Schizophrenia
  • Emotional and behavioral problems in children
  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Some medical conditions

Anyone who dislikes or fears animals or is allergic to them, is not a likely candidate for this particular intervention.

While animal-assisted therapy can help many people, more rigorous clinical trials are needed to assess its efficacy. Research suggests that some studies of the treatment are methodologically flawed.

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How It Works

Animal-assisted therapy is rooted in the bond that can develop between people and animals. Animals can provide a sense of calm, comfort, or safety and divert attention away from a stressful situation and toward one that provides pleasure. Animals can help combat loneliness and boost social support, both through interactions with the animal and interactions that involve other people. Animals can lead people to get more physical activity than they would otherwise.

Advocates of animal-assisted therapy say that developing a bond with an animal can help people develop a better sense of self-worth and trust, stabilize their emotions, and improve their communication, self-regulation, and socialization skills.

What to Expect

Depending on the nature of your therapy and the type of animal involved, you might keep a dog, cat, or other pet at home and at your side throughout the day for emotional support, or you might learn to ride and care for a therapy horse that is housed at an equestrian school.

You and your therapist may discuss your animal while you are working with it, or you might set aside another time to talk about your experiences. If you are in a hospital, school, nursing home, rehabilitation center, or another type of community center, you might not have a relationship with a psychotherapist, but a volunteer with a trained therapy pet might visit you.

What to Look for in an Animal-Assisted Therapist

Animal-assisted therapy often serves in conjunction with traditional work done by a licensed psychotherapist, social worker, or other mental health care provider.

Dogs are most often used, although various animal-assisted programs offer different animals for people with different physical and emotional needs. Service dogs may come from animal shelters or be raised in selective breeding programs, but they must undergo formal training to be certified. In some cases, it may be necessary to obtain a written prescription or a letter from a medical doctor, licensed psychotherapist, or social worker to certify or register your own therapy or emotional-support animal. You can find information and groups that provide trained service dogs in your area through Assistance Dogs International. A professional mental health care provider who is familiar with animal-assisted therapies can help you get certification for your own pet or locate a program or animal that is right for you. Therapists may also partner with an animal-therapy program, such as Pet Partners, to provide individuals or groups with trained therapy animals.

It's important to find a therapist with whom you feel comfortable. You may want to ask the therapist a few questions before committing to work with them. Questions may include:

  • How would they help with your particular concerns?
  • Have they dealt with this type of problem before?
  • What is their process?
  • What is their timeline for treatment?
References

Charry-Sánchez, J.D., et al. Animal-assisted therapy in adults: A systematic review.Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice. August 2018;Volume 32:169-180.

Kamioka H, Okada S, Tsutani K, et al.Effectiveness of animal-assisted therapy: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.Complementary Therapies in Medicine. April 2014; 22(2):371-390.

Nimer J., Lundahl B. Animal-assisted therapy: a meta-analysis. Anthrozoos.

Marcus, D.The Science Behind Animal-Assisted Therapy.Current Pain and Headache Reports.2013; volume17, Articlenumber:322.

Mandrá, P.P.Animal assisted therapy: systematic review of literature. SciELO Brazil. 2019; CoDAS 31 (3).

Last updated: 08/19/2022

Animal-Assisted Therapy (2024)

FAQs

What is the success rate of animal-assisted therapy? ›

In studies conducted to assess the effect of the animal-assisted intervention (AAI) to improve the lives of those with Autism Spectrum Disorder, language and communication were evaluated in 43% of included studies. Among these, 75% reported significant improvements, while 25% did not.

What is animal-assisted therapy quizlet? ›

-Theraputic intervention that incorporates animals (human-animal interaction) into the theraputic plan. -Used to enhance & complement the benefits of traditional therapy. -Dogs, cats, birds, horses, pigs. Animal Assisted Activities. -Involves mostly social visits with an animal.

What are the downsides of animal-assisted therapy? ›

Sanitation and hygiene. Possible allergies to certain animals, such as pet dander. The possibility of patient possessive behaviours (i.e. a reluctance to part with an animal at the end of a session) The possibility of attachment problems and grief reactions.

Is animal-assisted therapy effective or pseudoscience? ›

All of the studies found that AAT was effective. Indeed, children with autism who underwent AAT showed, in stat-speak, “statistically significant” improvements on 27 of the 30 outcomes measures. Other researchers have found similar patterns of results in their examination of animal-assisted therapy studies.

Does animal-assisted therapy really work? ›

Evidence for animal assisted therapy appears strongest for markers of anxiety and depression in the widest range of people. The researchers note that the therapy may be beneficial for people from many different age groups with various conditions.

Do therapy animals actually help? ›

Regular visits with therapy animals can reduce the amount of medication some people need to manage medical conditions. Anxious patients experience slowed breathing, and interaction with welcoming animals actually boosts the immune system as well.

What is the main goal of animal assisted therapy? ›

The Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) is a health intervention, meant to improve physical, social, emotional or cognitive functioning, with animals as integral part of the treatment [1]. The therapeutic use of animals was argued for decades and many associations employ this intervention in order to improve care.

How does animal assisted therapy help trauma? ›

Animals are able to make connections that people may not, and provide a judgement-free experience that may not be possible in human to human interaction. Animals can also provide a less traumatic means of physical touch, which is a common need for humans that can often be affected by prior abuse.

Is animal assisted therapy an evidence based practice? ›

MULTIPLE HEALTHCARE DISCIPLINES

Evidence-based research of animal assisted therapy (AAT) extends across a multitude of helping professions, including psychophysiological and psychosocial healthcare and human service disciplines.

What are the alternatives to animal-assisted therapy? ›

The most popular forms of alternative therapy include music therapy, art therapy, yoga therapy, and, of course, animal-assisted therapy. Alternative therapies are methods that haven't been (or have yet to be) proven effective through multiple peer-reviewed studies the way common evidence-based approaches have been.

Who invented animal-assisted therapy? ›

Until 1964, the terms 'therapy animals' or 'animal-assisted therapy' did not exist, and these terms were initially coined by the psychologist Dr. Boris Levinson [1]. His findings were instrumental in laying the groundwork for developing pet therapy as a form of treatment.

Is animal-assisted therapy good for dementia? ›

Animal-assisted interventions can improve self-esteem and confidence in people with dementia. It can also promote quality of life and encourage independence. If a person with dementia is having trouble communicating with others or having conversations, looking after a pet may help them to stay engaged and involved.

What is the difference between pet therapy and animal-assisted therapy? ›

Pet therapy is also referred to as animal-assisted therapy (AAT). AAT is sometimes confused with animal-assisted activities (AAA). AAT is a formal, structured set of sessions that helps people reach specific goals in their treatment.

Is animal-assisted therapy growing? ›

The field of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) is continuously growing in popularity across the years. Animal-assisted therapy is being used in multiple areas and by multidisciplinary professionals throughout the world. AAT developed as a novel and unusual alternative therapy.

What are the psychological effects of animal-assisted therapy? ›

In turn, this stimulation can elicit physical and psychological effects such as lower blood pressure, reduced stress, and increased self esteem.

How effective is equine assisted therapy? ›

7 It has been shown that clients can experience a variety of benefit from equine-assisted psychotherapy, such as: Increased in self-esteem8 Increased in self-respect. Improved adjustment to routines and guidelines.

Which disorders can be improved by animal assisted therapy? ›

Animal Assisted Therapy (AAT) may be beneficial for individuals with a variety of mental health conditions, including depression, anxiety, and trauma. However, it's important to work with a trained professional to determine if AAT is right for you.

Do 74% of pet owners believe their mental health improved after getting a pet? ›

Research shows that pets have many mental health benefits – including reducing stress, anxiety, and loneliness, and improving mood. According to a survey by the Human Animal Relations Research Institute (HABRI), 74% of pet owners said owning a pet improves their mental health.

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